Ni bangahe imodoka y'amashanyarazi itakaza buri mwaka?

EV zose zitanga ingamba nyinshi zikoreshwa mugutinda inzira yo kwangirika kwa bateri.Ariko, inzira ntizabura.

Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byagaragaye ko bifite amafaranga make yo gutunga ugereranije na bagenzi babo ba ICE, kuramba kwa batiri biracyari ikintu kimwe.Bisa nuburyo abaguzi babaza igihe bateri ishobora kumara, abayikora bakunze kwibaza kubintu bimwe.Umuyobozi mukuru wa Atlis Motor Vehicles, Mark Hanchett, yabwiye InsideEVs ati: "Buri bateri imwe igiye gutesha agaciro igihe cyose wishyuye ukayirekura."

Mu byingenzi, byanze bikunze bateri yimodoka yawe yamashanyarazi, cyangwa bateri yose Li-ion ishobora kwishyurwa, izabura ubushobozi bwayo yari ifite.Ariko, igipimo kizagabanuka ni impinduka zitazwi.Ibintu byose uhereye kumyitwarire yawe yo kwishyuza kugeza kuri chimique yimikorere ya selile bizagira ingaruka kububiko bwa bateri ya EV igihe kirekire.

Mugihe ibintu byinshi biri gukinishwa, hari ibintu bine byingenzi bifasha mugukomeza gutesha agaciro bateri ya EV.

Kwishyurwa byihuse
Kwishyuza byihuse ubwabyo ntabwo byanze bikunze bitera kwangirika kwa batiri byihuse, ariko umutwaro wiyongereye wumuriro urashobora kwangiza ibice byimbere ya selile.Kwangirika kwimbere muri bateri biganisha kuri Li-ion nkeya zishobora kwimuka ziva muri cathode kuri anode.Nyamara, ingano yo gutesha agaciro batteri ihura nayo ntabwo iri hejuru nkuko bamwe babitekereza.

Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka icumi ishize, Laboratoire y'igihugu ya Idaho yapimye Nissan Leafs enye za 2012, ebyiri zishyuzwa amashanyarazi yo mu rugo 3.3kW naho izindi ebyiri zishyuzwa cyane kuri sitasiyo yihuta ya 50kW DC.Nyuma y'ibirometero 40.000, ibisubizo byerekanaga ko uwashizwe kuri DC yari afite iyangirika rya gatatu ku ijana gusa.3% bazogosha urwego rwawe, ariko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwasaga nkaho bugira ingaruka zikomeye kubushobozi rusange.

Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije
Ubushyuhe bukonje burashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wikigereranyo cya EV kandi bikagabanya by'agateganyo urwego rusange.Ubushuhe bushushe burashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugushira vuba, ariko kumara igihe kinini mubihe bishyushye birashobora kwangiza selile.Noneho, niba imodoka yawe yicaye hanze umwanya muremure, nibyiza kuyireka ucomeka, kugirango ikoreshe imbaraga zinkombe kugirango batere bateri.

Mileage
Kimwe nizindi bateri zose za lithium-ion zishobora kwishyurwa, uko kuzenguruka kwinshi, niko kwambara kuri selire.Tesla yatangaje ko Model S izabona iyangirika rya 5% nyuma yo guca ibirometero 25.000.Ukurikije igishushanyo, andi 5% azabura nyuma y'ibirometero bigera ku 125.000.Nibyo, iyi mibare yabazwe hakoreshejwe gutandukana bisanzwe, kuburyo hashobora kubaho hanze ifite selile zifite inenge zitagaragaye mubishushanyo.

Igihe
Bitandukanye na mileage, umwanya mubisanzwe bifata nabi cyane kuri bateri.Mu mwaka wa 2016, Mark Larsen yatangaje ko Nissan Leaf ye yatakaje ingufu za batiri hafi 35% mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani.Mugihe iyi ijanisha ari ryinshi, ni ukubera ko ari amababi ya Nissan mbere, azwiho kurwara cyane.Amahitamo hamwe na bateri ikonje ikonje igomba kuba ifite ijanisha ryo hasi cyane.

Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Chevrolet yanjye yimyaka itandatu yerekana ko ikoresha 14.0kWh nyuma yo gutakaza bateri yuzuye.14.0kWh yari ubushobozi bwayo bwakoreshejwe mugihe gishya.

Ingamba zo gukumira
Kugirango ugumane bateri yawe muburyo bwiza bushoboka bw'ejo hazaza, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibi bintu:

Niba bishoboka, gerageza usige EV yawe icomeka niba yicaye mugihe kinini mumezi yizuba.Niba utwaye Nissan Leaf cyangwa indi EV idafite bateri ikonje, gerageza ubigumane ahantu h'igicucu muminsi yubushyuhe.
Niba EV yawe ifite imiterere ifite ibikoresho, ibanziriza iminota 10 mbere yo gutwara muminsi yubushyuhe.Ubu buryo, urashobora kubuza bateri gushyuha no muminsi yubushyuhe.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, 50kW DC ntabwo yangiza nkuko benshi babitekereza, ariko niba ukomeje kuzenguruka umujyi, kwishyuza AC bihendutse kandi mubisanzwe biroroshye.Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru ntabwo bwarimo amashanyarazi 100 cyangwa 150kW, ayo mashya menshi ashobora gukoresha.
Irinde kubona EV yawe munsi ya 10-20% hasigaye.EV zose zose zifite ubushobozi buke bwa bateri zikoreshwa, ariko kwirinda kugera kuri zone zikomeye za bateri ni imyitozo myiza.
Niba utwaye Tesla, Bolt, cyangwa indi EV yose hamwe nigikoresho cyo kwishyuza intoki, gerageza kutarenga 90% mugutwara umunsi kumunsi.
Haba hari EV nkwiye kwirinda?
Hafi ya EV yose ikoreshwa ifite garanti yumwaka 8 / 100.000-ibirometero ikubiyemo kwangirika niba ubushobozi bwa bateri bugabanutse munsi ya 70%.Mugihe ibi bizatanga amahoro yo mumutima, biracyakenewe kugura imwe hasigaye garanti ihagije.

Nkibisanzwe muri rusange, inzira ishaje cyangwa ndende ya mileage igomba kwitonderwa.Tekinoroji ya batiri iboneka uyumunsi iratera imbere cyane kuruta tekinoroji kuva mu myaka icumi ishize, ni ngombwa rero gutegura gahunda yawe yo kugura.Nibyiza gukoresha bike kuri EV nshya yakoreshejwe kuruta kwishyura amafaranga yo gusana bateri-garanti.